height

Definition

The height CSS property sets the height of an element’s content area. It controls the vertical size of an element and is fundamental for creating layouts, responsive designs, and controlling element dimensions. The height property affects the content area by default, but can be modified with the box-sizing property to include padding and borders.

Syntax

.component {
  height: 24rem;
}

Set height with absolute units, responsive percentages, or viewport-based lengths depending on the layout needs.

Values

<length>: fixed sizes using px, rem, em, vh, vw, and other length units.
<percentage>: resolves against the size of the containing block (for width) or the available height when explicitly defined.

Practical Examples

.content {
  width: min(90vw, 70ch);
  max-width: 960px;
}

This pattern keeps copy readable on large screens while still shrinking gracefully on smaller devices.

HTML

With height

Consistent height keeps cards aligned even when copy is shorter.

Auto height

Without constraints, cards grow purely based on their content.

Code

<div class="grid gap-4 sm:grid-cols-2">
  <div class="space-y-3 rounded-lg border border-slate-200 bg-white p-4 shadow-sm">
    <p class="text-xs font-semibold uppercase tracking-wide text-slate-500">With height</p>
    <div class="rounded-md border border-dashed border-slate-300 bg-slate-50 p-4 text-sm text-slate-700" style="height: 12rem;">
      Consistent height keeps cards aligned even when copy is shorter.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="space-y-3 rounded-lg border border-slate-200 bg-white p-4 shadow-sm">
    <p class="text-xs font-semibold uppercase tracking-wide text-slate-500">Auto height</p>
    <div class="rounded-md border border-dashed border-slate-300 bg-slate-50 p-4 text-sm text-slate-700">
      Without constraints, cards grow purely based on their content.
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Tips & Best Practices

Use min()/max()/clamp() to express responsive bounds without relying on many media queries.
Combine width constraints with margin: 0 auto; to center fixed-width blocks.
Avoid hard-coded pixel values for layout-critical components; lean on fluid units that adapt to user zoom levels.

Accessibility & UX Notes

Ensure interactive controls remain at least 44px in their tap target size when you constrain dimensions. Strategic max widths also improve readability for long-form copy by keeping line lengths manageable.

Browser Support

Fully supported across modern desktop and mobile browsers. When supporting legacy IE, avoid logical properties such as inline-size unless you supply explicit fallbacks.

min-width, max-width, min-height, max-height for complementary constraints.
box-sizing to control whether padding and border are included in the computed size.
Logical properties (inline-size, block-size) for writing-mode aware layouts.